I-Helium iyisakhi samakhemikhali esinophawu u-He kanye nenombolo ye-athomu 2. Iyigesi yomoya engavamile, ayinambala, ayinambitheki, ayinambitheki, ayinabuthi, ayishisi, incibilika kancane emanzini kuphela. Ukuhlushwa kwe-Helium emkhathini kungu-5.24 x 10-4 ngephesenti levolumu. Inezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokubila nokuncibilika kunanoma iyiphi isakhi, futhi ikhona njengegesi kuphela, ngaphandle kwezimo ezibandayo kakhulu.

I-Helium ithuthwa ngokuyinhloko njenge-helium yegesi noma ewuketshezi futhi isetshenziswa kuma-reactor enuzi, kuma-semiconductor, kuma-laser, kuma-light bulb, kuma-superconductivity, kuma-instrumentation, kuma-semiconductor kanye nama-fiber optics, ocwaningweni lwelabhorethri lwe-cryogenic, i-MRI kanye ne-R&D.

Umthombo Obandayo Wezinga Lokushisa Eliphansi

I-Helium isetshenziswa njengesithambisi se-cryogenic semithombo yokupholisa ye-cryogenic, njenge-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), i-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, i-superconducting quantum particle accelerator, i-large hadron collider, i-interferometer (SQUID), i-electron spin resonance (ESR) kanye ne-superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), ama-generator e-MHD superconducting, i-superconducting sensor, i-power transmission, i-maglev transportation, i-mass spectrometer, i-superconducting magnet, ama-separator e-magnetic field aqinile, ama-annular field superconducting magnets ama-fusion reactors kanye nolunye ucwaningo lwe-cryogenic. I-Helium ipholisa izinto ze-cryogenic superconducting kanye nama-magnets acishe abe yi-absolute zero, lapho ukumelana kwe-superconductor kwehla khona ngokuzumayo kube yi-zero. Ukumelana okuphansi kakhulu kwe-superconductor kudala insimu ye-magnetic enamandla kakhulu. Endabeni yemishini ye-MRI esetshenziswa ezibhedlela, amasimu e-magnetic aqinile akhiqiza imininingwane eyengeziwe ezithombeni ze-radiographic.

I-Helium isetshenziswa njenge-super coolant ngoba i-helium inamaphuzu aphansi kakhulu okuncibilika nokubila, ayiqini lapho kunomfutho womoya kanye ne-0 K, kanti i-helium ayinawo amakhemikhali, okwenza kube nzima ukusabela nezinye izinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-helium iba yi-superfluid ngaphansi kwe-2.2 Kelvin. Kuze kube manje, ukuhamba okuyingqayizivele kwe-ultra-mobility akukaze kusetshenziswe kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lwezimboni. Emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwe-17 Kelvin, akukho okunye okufakwa esikhundleni se-helium njengesiqandisi emthonjeni we-cryogenic.

Izindiza kanye ne-Astronautics

I-Helium isetshenziswa futhi emabhaluni nasezindizeni zomoya. Ngenxa yokuthi i-helium ilula kunomoya, izindiza zomoya namabhaluni zigcwele i-helium. I-Helium inenzuzo yokuba ingashi, yize i-hydrogen inamandla kakhulu futhi inezinga eliphansi lokuphuma elwelweni. Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwesibili kusebuchwephesheni berokhethi, lapho i-helium isetshenziswa njengendawo yokulahlekelwa ukuze isuse uphethiloli kanye ne-oxidizer ematangi okugcina futhi ihlanganise i-hydrogen kanye ne-oxygen ukuze yenze uphethiloli werokhethi. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukususa uphethiloli kanye ne-oxidizer emishinini yokusekela umhlaba ngaphambi kokwethulwa, futhi ingapholisa i-hydrogen ewuketshezi esikhaleni sendiza. Kurokhethi i-Saturn V esetshenziswe ohlelweni lwe-Apollo, kwakudingeka cishe ama-cubic metres angu-370,000 (ama-cubic feet ayizigidi ezingu-13) e-helium ukuze kwethulwe.

Ukuhlaziywa Kokutholwa Nokutholwa Kokuvuza Kwepayipi

Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwe-helium ezimbonini ukutholwa kokuvuza. Ukutholwa kokuvuza kusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuvuza ezinhlelweni eziqukethe uketshezi namagesi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-helium isakazeka ngezinto eziqinile ngokushesha okuphindwe kathathu kunomoya, isetshenziswa njengegesi yokulandelela ukuthola ukuvuza emishinini ene-vacuum ephezulu (njengamathangi e-cryogenic) kanye nemikhumbi enomfutho ophezulu. Into ifakwa ekamelweni, bese ikhishwa bese igcwaliswa nge-helium. Ngisho noma amazinga okuvuza aphansi njenge-10-9 mbar•L/s (10-10 Pa•m3 / s), i-helium ephuma ngokuvuza ingatholakala ngedivayisi ebucayi (i-helium mass spectrometer). Inqubo yokulinganisa ivame ukwenziwa ngokuzenzakalela futhi ibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-helium. Enye indlela elula ukugcwalisa into okukhulunywa ngayo nge-helium bese usesha ngesandla ukuvuza usebenzisa idivayisi ephathwayo.

I-Helium isetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuvuza ngoba iyi-molecule encane kunazo zonke futhi iyi-molecule ye-monatomic, ngakho-ke i-helium ivuza kalula. Igesi ye-Helium igcwaliswa entweni ngesikhathi sokuthola ukuvuza, futhi uma kwenzeka ukuvuza, i-helium mass spectrometer izokwazi ukuthola indawo yokuvuza. I-Helium ingasetshenziswa ukuthola ukuvuza kumarokhethi, amathangi kaphethiloli, ama-heat exchanger, imigqa yegesi, ama-electronics, amashubhu ethelevishini nakwezinye izingxenye zokukhiqiza. Ukutholwa kokuvuza kusetshenziswa i-helium kwaqala ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sephrojekthi yaseManhattan ukuthola ukuvuza ezitshalweni zokucebisa i-uranium. I-helium yokuthola ukuvuza ingathathelwa indawo yi-hydrogen, i-nitrogen, noma ingxube ye-hydrogen ne-nitrogen.

Ukushisela kanye nokusebenza ngensimbi

Igesi ye-Helium isetshenziswa njengegesi evikelayo ekushiseni i-arc kanye nasekushiseni i-plasma arc ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu e-ionization kunamanye ama-athomu. Igesi ye-Helium ezungeze i-weld ivimbela insimbi ukuthi ingangenisi i-oxidizing esimweni esincibilikisiwe. Amandla aphezulu e-ionization e-helium avumela ukushiseni i-plasma arc yezinsimbi ezingafani ezisetshenziswa ekwakheni, ekwakheni imikhumbi, nasezindiza, njenge-titanium, i-zirconium, i-magnesium, kanye ne-aluminium alloys. Nakuba i-helium egesini yokuvikela ingashintshwa yi-argon noma i-hydrogen, ezinye izinto (njenge-titanium helium) azikwazi ukushintshwa ukuze kushiswe i-plasma arc. Ngoba i-helium iyona kuphela igesi ephephile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Enye yezindawo ezisebenza kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni ukushisela insimbi engagqwali. I-Helium iyigesi engasebenzi, okusho ukuthi ayihlangabezani nanoma yikuphi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali uma ivezwa kwezinye izinto. Lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu kumagesi okuvikela ukushisela.

I-Helium iqhuba ukushisa kahle. Yingakho ivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-weld lapho kudingeka khona ukushisa okuphezulu ukuthuthukisa ukumanzisa kwe-weld. I-Helium iwusizo futhi ekusheshiseni.

I-Helium ivame ukuhlanganiswa ne-argon ngamanani ahlukahlukene engxubeni yegesi evikelayo ukuze isebenzise ngokugcwele izakhiwo ezinhle zamagesi womabili. I-Helium, isibonelo, isebenza njengegesi evikelayo ukusiza ekuhlinzekeni izindlela ezibanzi nezincane zokungena ngesikhathi sokushisela. Kodwa i-helium ayihlinzeki ngokuhlanza okwenziwa yi-argon.

Ngenxa yalokho, abakhiqizi bensimbi bavame ukucabanga ngokuxuba i-argon ne-helium njengengxenye yenqubo yabo yokusebenza. Ngokushisela insimbi evikelwe ngegesi, i-helium ingaba ngu-25% kuya ku-75% wengxube yegesi engxubeni ye-helium/argon. Ngokulungisa ukwakheka kwengxube yegesi evikelayo, umshiseli angathonya ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa kwe-weld, okuthi kamuva kuthinte ukuma kwengxenye yesiphambano sensimbi eshisiwe kanye nesivinini sokushisela.

Imboni Ye-Electronic Semiconductor

Njengegesi engasebenzi, i-helium izinzile kangangokuthi ayisebenzi kahle nezinye izakhi. Lesi sici senza isetshenziswe njengesivikelo ekushiseni i-arc (ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa komoya-mpilo emoyeni). I-Helium inezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile, njenge-semiconductors kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-optical fiber. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingathatha indawo ye-nitrogen ekujuleni kwamanzi ukuze ivimbele ukwakheka kwamabhamuza e-nitrogen egazini, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele ukugula kokuntywila emanzini.

Umthamo Wokuthengisa we-Helium Yomhlaba Wonke (2016-2027)

Imakethe ye-helium yomhlaba wonke isifinyelele ku-$1825.37 million ngo-2020 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-$2742.04 million ngo-2027, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiwe (CAGR) esingu-5.65% (2021-2027). Imboni inokungaqiniseki okukhulu eminyakeni ezayo. Idatha yokubikezela ka-2021-2027 kuleli phepha isekelwe ekuthuthukisweni komlando kweminyaka embalwa edlule, imibono yochwepheshe bemboni kanye nemibono yabahlaziyi kuleli phepha.

Imboni ye-helium igxile kakhulu, itholakala emithonjeni yemvelo, futhi inabakhiqizi abalinganiselwe emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi e-United States, eRussia, eQatar nase-Algeria. Emhlabeni, imboni yabathengi igxile e-United States, eShayina, naseYurophu njalo njalo. I-United States inomlando omude kanye nesikhundla esingenakunyakaziswa embonini.

Izinkampani eziningi zinezimboni eziningana, kodwa ngokuvamile azisondelene nezimakethe zabathengi eziqondiwe. Ngakho-ke, umkhiqizo unezindleko eziphezulu zokuhamba.

Kusukela eminyakeni emihlanu yokuqala, ukukhiqizwa kukhule kancane kakhulu. I-Helium ingumthombo wamandla ongavuseleleki, futhi kunezinqubomgomo emazweni akhiqizayo ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuqhubekayo. Abanye babikezela ukuthi i-helium izophela esikhathini esizayo.

Le mboni inenani elikhulu lokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Cishe wonke amazwe asebenzisa i-helium, kodwa ambalwa kuphela anezinqolobane ze-helium.

I-Helium inokusetshenziswa okubanzi futhi izotholakala emikhakheni eminingi. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinsiza zemvelo, isidingo se-helium cishe sizokhula esikhathini esizayo, kudingeke ezinye izindlela ezifanele. Amanani e-Helium kulindeleke ukuthi aqhubeke nokukhuphuka kusukela ngo-2021 kuya ku-2026, kusukela ku-$13.53 / m3 (2020) kuya ku-$19.09 / m3 (2027).

Imboni ithintwa yizomnotho kanye nenqubomgomo. Njengoba umnotho womhlaba wonke usimama, abantu abaningi bakhathazekile ngokuthuthukisa amazinga ezemvelo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingakathuthuki kahle ezinabantu abaningi kanye nokukhula komnotho okusheshayo, isidingo se-helium sizokhula.

Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abakhulu bomhlaba wonke bahlanganisa iRasgas, iLinde Group, iAir Chemical, i-ExxonMobil, i-Air Liquide (Dz) kanye neGazprom (Ru), njll. Ngo-2020, isabelo sokuthengisa sabakhiqizi abaphezulu abayisithupha sizodlula u-74%. Kulindeleke ukuthi ukuncintisana embonini kuzoba kukhulu eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.

Imishini ye-HL Cryogenic

Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemithombo ye-helium ewuketshezi kanye nentengo ekhuphukayo, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukulahleka nokubuyiselwa kwe-helium ewuketshezi enkambisweni yayo yokusetshenziswa kanye nokuthuthwa kwayo.

I-HL Cryogenic Equipment eyasungulwa ngo-1992 iwuphawu oluhambisana ne-HL Cryogenic Equipment Company Cryogenic Equipment Co.,Ltd. I-HL Cryogenic Equipment izibophezele ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizweni kwe-High Vacuum Insulated Cryogenic Piping System kanye ne-Support Equipment ehlobene nayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene zamakhasimende. I-Vacuum Insulated Pipe kanye ne-Flexible Hose zakhiwe nge-vacuum ephezulu kanye nezinto ezikhethekile zesikrini esiningi, futhi zidlula ochungechungeni lwezindlela zokwelapha zobuchwepheshe eziqinile kakhulu kanye nokwelashwa kwe-vacuum ephezulu, okusetshenziselwa ukudlulisa i-oxygen ewuketshezi, i-nitrogen ewuketshezi, i-argon ewuketshezi, i-hydrogen ewuketshezi, i-helium ewuketshezi, i-ethylene gas LEG ewuketshezi kanye ne-LNG yemvelo ewuketshezi.

Uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo ye-Vacuum Jacketed Pipe, i-Vacuum Jacketed Hose, i-Vacuum Jacketed Valve, kanye ne-Phase Separator ku-HL Cryogenic Equipment Company, edlulile ochungechungeni lwezindlela zokwelapha zobuchwepheshe eziqinile kakhulu, zisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa i-oxygen ewuketshezi, i-nitrogen ewuketshezi, i-argon ewuketshezi, i-hydrogen ewuketshezi, i-helium ewuketshezi, i-LEG kanye ne-LNG, futhi le mikhiqizo isetshenziselwa imishini ye-cryogenic (isb. amathangi e-cryogenic, ama-dewar nama-coldbox njll.) ezimbonini zokuhlukanisa umoya, amagesi, izindiza, ama-electronics, i-superconductor, ama-chips, ukuhlanganiswa okuzenzakalelayo, ukudla neziphuzo, ikhemisi, isibhedlela, i-biobank, irabha, ubunjiniyela bamakhemikhali bokukhiqiza izinto ezintsha, insimbi nensimbi, kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi njll.

I-HL Cryogenic Equipment Company isibe ngumhlinzeki/umthengisi ofanelekayo weLinde, Air Liquide, Air Products (AP), Praxair, Messer, BOC, Iwatani, kanye neHangzhou Oxygen Plant Group (Hangyang) njll.