I-Helium iyikhemikhali enophawu elithi He kanye nenombolo ye-athomu engu-2. Iwumoya osemkhathini ongajwayelekile, ongenambala, ongenambitheki, awunambitheki, ongenabuthi, ongashi, oncibilika kancane kuphela emanzini. Ukugxila kwe-Helium emkhathini kungu-5.24 x 10-4 ngephesenti levolumu. Inamaphoyinti aphansi okubilisa nokuncibilika kunoma iyiphi i-elementi, futhi ikhona kuphela njengegesi, ngaphandle kwangaphansi kwezimo ezibanda kakhulu.

I-Helium ithuthwa ngokuyinhloko njenge-helium enegesi noma eyi-liquid futhi isetshenziswa kuma-reactors enuzi, ama-semiconductors, ama-lasers, amalambu okukhanya, i-superconductivity, i-instrumentation, ama-semiconductors kanye ne-fiber optics, i-cryogenic, i-MRI kanye nocwaningo lwelabhorethri ye-R&D.

Umthombo Obandayo Wezinga Lokushisa Eliphansi

I-Helium isetshenziswa njengesipholile se-cryogenic semithombo yokupholisa i-cryogenic, Njenge-imaging magnetic resonance (MRI), i-spectroscopy ye-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), i-superconducting quantum particle accelerator, i-hadron collider enkulu, i-interferometer (i-SQUID), i-electron spin resonance (ESR) kanye ne-superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), i-MHD superconducting generator, inzwa ye-superconducting, ukudluliswa kwamandla, ukuthuthwa kwe-maglev, i-mass spectrometer, i-superconducting magnet, izihlukanisi ezinamandla kazibuthe, i-annular field superconducting magnets for fusion reactors kanye nolunye ucwaningo lwe-cryogenic. I-Helium ipholisa izinto ze-cryogenic superconducting kanye nozibuthe bafinyelele ku-zero ngokuphelele, ngaleso sikhathi ukumelana kwe-superconductor kwehla ngokuzumayo kuye kuqanda. Ukumelana okuphansi kakhulu kwe-superconductor kudala insimu enamandla kazibuthe. Endabeni yemishini ye-MRI esetshenziswa ezibhedlela, izindawo ezinozibuthe ezinamandla zikhiqiza imininingwane eyengeziwe ezithombeni ze-radiographic.

I-Helium isetshenziswa njengesibandisi esikhulu ngenxa yokuthi i-helium inamaphuzu aphansi kakhulu ancibilika futhi abilayo, ayiqini ekucindezelweni komkhathi kanye no-0 K, futhi i-helium ayisebenzi ngamakhemikhali, okwenza kucishe kungenzeki ukusabela nezinye izinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-helium iba yi-superfluid ngaphansi kuka-2.2 Kelvin. Kuze kube manje, i-ultra-mobility eyingqayizivele ayikaze isetshenziswe kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lwezimboni. Emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwe-17 Kelvin, ayikho indawo ye-helium njengesiqandisi emthonjeni we-cryogenic.

I-Aeronautics kanye ne-Astronautics

I-Helium isetshenziswa futhi kumabhaluni nasezikhunjini zomoya. Ngenxa yokuthi i-helium ilula kunomoya, ama-airship namabhaluni agcwele i-helium. I-Helium inenzuzo yokungashi, nakuba i-hydrogen ivutha kakhulu futhi inezinga eliphansi lokuphunyuka kulwelwesi. Okunye ukusetshenziswa okwesibili kubuchwepheshe be-rocket, lapho i-helium isetshenziswa njengendawo yokulahlekelwa ukuze isuse uphethiloli kanye ne-oxidizer emathangeni okugcina kanye ne-condense i-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo ukwenza i-rocket fuel. Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukususa uphethiloli ne-oxidizer ezintweni ezisekela umhlabathi ngaphambi kokwethulwa, futhi ingapholisa ngaphambili i-hydrogen ewuketshezi emkhathini. Ku-rocket ye-Saturn V esetshenziswe ohlelweni lwe-Apollo, cishe ama-cubic metres angu-370,000 (i-13 million cubic feet) ye-helium yayidingeka ukuze iqaliswe.

Ukutholwa Kokuvuza Kwepayipi Nokuhlaziywa Kokuthola

Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni kwe-helium ukutholwa kokuvuza. Ukuthola ukuvuza kusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuvuza kumasistimu aqukethe uketshezi namagesi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-helium isakazeka ngezinto eziqinile ngokushesha okuphindwe kathathu kunomoya, isetshenziswa njengegesi yokulandela umkhondo ukuze ibone ukuvuza emishinini ye-vacuum ephezulu (njengamathangi e-cryogenic) kanye nemikhumbi enengcindezi ephezulu. Into ifakwa ekamelweni, elibe selikhishwa futhi ligcwaliswe nge-helium. Ngisho nakumazinga okuvuza aphansi njengo-10-9 mbar•L/s (10-10 Pa•m3 / s), i-helium ephuma lapho kuvuza ingatholwa ngedivayisi ebucayi (i-helium mass spectrometer). Inqubo yokulinganisa imvamisa iyazenzakalela futhi ibizwa ngokuthi isivivinyo sokuhlanganisa i-helium. Enye, indlela elula ukugcwalisa into okukhulunywa ngayo nge-helium bese usesha ngokuzenzela ukuvuza usebenzisa umshini ophathwa ngesandla.

I-Helium isetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuvuza ngoba iyi-molecule encane futhi iyi-molecule ye-monatomic, ngakho i-helium ivuza kalula. Igesi ye-helium igcwaliswa entweni phakathi nokutholwa kokuvuza, futhi uma ukuvuza kwenzeka, i-spectrometer ye-helium mass izokwazi ukubona indawo yokuvuza. I-Helium ingasetshenziswa ukuthola ukuvuza kwamarokhethi, amathangi kaphethiloli, izishintshisi zokushisa, izintambo zegesi, izinto zikagesi, amashubhu we-TV kanye nezinye izingxenye zokukhiqiza. Ukutholwa kokuvuza kusetshenziswa i-helium kwaqala ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sephrojekthi yaseManhattan ukuthola ukuvuza ezitshalweni ezicebisa i-uranium. I-helium yokuthola ukuvuza ingathathelwa indawo i-hydrogen, i-nitrogen, noma ingxube ye-hydrogen ne-nitrogen.

Welding kanye Metal Working

Igesi ye-Helium isetshenziswa njengegesi evikelayo ku-arc welding kanye ne-plasma arc welding ngenxa yamandla ayo anamandla e-ionization aphezulu kunamanye ama-athomu. Igesi ye-helium ezungeze i-weld ivimbela insimbi ukuthi ingafaki i-oxidizing esimweni esincibilikisiwe. Amandla aphezulu we-ionization we-helium avumela i-plasma arc welding yezinsimbi ezingafani ezisetshenziswa ekwakheni, ekwakheni umkhumbi, kanye ne-aerospace, njenge-titanium, i-zirconium, i-magnesium, ne-aluminium alloys. Nakuba i-helium kugesi evikelayo ingathathelwa indawo i-argon noma i-hydrogen, ezinye izinto (njenge-titanium helium) azikwazi ukushintshwa ukuze kufakwe i-plasma arc welding. Ngoba i-helium ukuphela kwegesi ephephile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Enye yezindawo ezisebenza kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni i-stainless steel welding. I-Helium igesi ye-inert, okusho ukuthi ayihlanganyeli nanoma yikuphi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali lapho ichayeke kwezinye izinto. Lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu kumagesi okuvikela ukushisela.

I-Helium nayo iqhuba kahle ukushisa. Yingakho ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kuma-welds lapho ukufakwa kokushisa okuphezulu kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumanzisa kwe-weld. I-Helium nayo iyasiza ekugijimeni.

I-Helium ivame ukuxutshwa ne-argon ngamanani ahlukahlukene kungxube yegesi evikelayo ukuze isebenzise ngokugcwele izakhiwo ezinhle zawo womabili amagesi. I-Helium, isibonelo, isebenza njengegesi evikelayo ukusiza ukuhlinzeka ngezindlela zokungena ezibanzi nezingashoni ngesikhathi sokushisela. Kodwa i-helium ayihlinzeki ngokuhlanza okwenziwa yi-argon.

Ngenxa yalokho, abakhiqizi bensimbi bavame ukucabangela ukuxuba i-argon ne-helium njengengxenye yenqubo yabo yokusebenza. Ngokushisela i-arc yensimbi evikelwe ngegesi, i-helium ingase ihlanganise u-25% kuya ku-75% wengxube yegesi kungxube ye-helium/argon. Ngokulungisa ukwakheka kwengxube yegesi evikelayo, i-welder ingathonya ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa kwe-weld, okubuye kuthinte ukuma kwesigaba esiphambanweni sensimbi ye-weld kanye nesivinini sokushisela.

Imboni ye-Electronic Semiconductor

Njengegesi engasebenzi, i-helium izinzile kangangokuthi ayihlangani nanoma yiziphi ezinye izakhi. Lesi sakhiwo sikwenza kusetshenziswe njengesihlangu ekushiseleni i-arc (ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa komoyampilo emoyeni). I-Helium futhi inezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi, njengama-semiconductors kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-fiber optical. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingathatha indawo ye-nitrogen ekujuleni okujulile ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamabhamuza e-nitrogen egazini, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukugula kokutshuza.

I-Global Helium Sales Volume (2016-2027)

Imakethe ye-helium yomhlaba wonke isifinyelele ku- $ 1825.37 wezigidi ngo-2020 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ezigidini ezingama-US $2742.04 ngo-2027, ngenani lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka (CAGR) lika-5.65% (2021-2027). Imboni inokungaqiniseki okukhulu eminyakeni ezayo. Idatha yesibikezelo sika-2021-2027 kuleli phepha isekelwe ekuthuthukisweni komlando weminyaka embalwa edlule, imibono yochwepheshe bemboni kanye nemibono yabahlaziyi kuleli phepha.

Imboni ye-helium igxile kakhulu, itholakala ezinsizeni zemvelo, futhi inabakhiqizi bomhlaba abalinganiselwe, ikakhulukazi e-United States, eRussia, eQatar nase-Algeria. Emhlabeni, umkhakha wabathengi ugxile e-United States, China, naseYurophu njalonjalo. I-United States inomlando omude kanye nesikhundla esingenakunyakaziswa embonini.

Izinkampani eziningi zinezimboni ezimbalwa, kodwa ngokuvamile azisondeli ezimakethe zabathengi eziqondiswe kubo. Ngakho-ke, umkhiqizo unezindleko zokuthutha eziphezulu.

Kusukela eminyakeni emihlanu yokuqala, ukukhiqizwa kukhule kancane kakhulu. I-Helium iwumthombo wamandla ongavuseleleki, futhi kunezinqubomgomo ezikhona emazweni akhiqizayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuqhubekayo. Abanye babikezela ukuthi i-helium izophela esikhathini esizayo.

Imboni inenani eliphezulu lempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle kanye nethunyelwa ngaphandle. Cishe wonke amazwe asebenzisa i-helium, kodwa ambalwa kuphela anezindawo zokugcina i-helium.

I-Helium inezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa futhi izotholakala emikhakheni eminingi. Uma kubhekwa ukushoda kwemithombo yemvelo, isidingo se-helium kungenzeka sikhule esikhathini esizayo, sidinga ezinye izindlela ezifanele. Izintengo ze-Helium kulindeleke ukuthi ziqhubeke nokukhuphuka kusuka ku-2021 kuya ku-2026, kusuka ku-$13.53 / m3 (2020) kuya ku-$19.09 / m3 (2027).

Imboni ithintwa ezomnotho nenqubomgomo. Njengoba umnotho womhlaba ululama, abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe bakhathazekile ngokuthuthukisa izindinganiso zemvelo, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezingathuthukisiwe ezinabantu abaningi kanye nokukhula komnotho okusheshayo, isidingo se-helium sizokhula.

Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abakhulu bomhlaba wonke bahlanganisa i-Rasgas, i-Linde Group, i-Air Chemical, i-ExxonMobil, i-Air Liquide (Dz) ne-Gazprom (Ru), njll. Ngo-2020, isabelo sokuthengisa sabakhiqizi be-Top 6 sizodlula u-74%. Kulindeleke ukuthi umqhudelwano ushube kule mboni eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.

I-HL Cryogenic Equipment

Ngenxa yokushoda kwezinsiza ze-helium ewuketshezi kanye nenani elikhuphukayo, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa nokubuyiswa kwe-helium ewuketshezi ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kanye nenqubo yokuthutha.

I-HL Cryogenic Equipment eyasungulwa ngo-1992 iwuphawu oluxhumene ne-HL Cryogenic Equipment Company Cryogenic Equipment Co.,Ltd. I-HL Cryogenic Equipment izibophezele ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizeni i-High Vacuum Insulated Cryogenic Piping System kanye Nezisetshenziswa Zokusekela ezihlobene ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zamakhasimende. Ipayipi le-Vacuum Insulated kanye ne-Flexible Hose yakhiwe endaweni engenalutho ephezulu kanye nezendlalelo eziningi ezikhethekile ezigqunywe izikrini eziningi, futhi idlula ochungechungeni lwezindlela zokwelapha eziqinile kakhulu kanye nokwelashwa kwe-vacuum ephezulu, esetshenziselwa ukudlulisa umoya-mpilo owuketshezi, i-nitrogen eyi-liquid. , i-argon enguketshezi, i-hydrogen enguketshezi, i-helium ewuketshezi, igesi ye-ethylene ewuketshezi LEG kanye negesi yemvelo ewuketshezi LNG.

Uchungechunge lomkhiqizo we-Vacuum Jacketed Pipe, Vacuum Jacketed Hose, Vacuum Jacketed Valve, kanye ne-Phase Separator e-HL Cryogenic Equipment Company, edlule ochungechungeni lwezindlela zokwelapha eziqine kakhulu, zisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa umoya-mpilo owuketshezi, i-nitrogen eyi-liquid, i-argon ewuketshezi, i-liquid hydrogen, i-helium ewuketshezi, i-LEG ne-LNG, futhi le mikhiqizo isetshenziselwa okokusebenza kwe-cryogenic (isb. amathangi e-cryogenic, ama-dewars namabhokisi abandayo njll.) ezimbonini zokuhlukanisa umoya, amagesi, ezondiza, zikagesi, i-superconductor, ama-chips, i-automation assembly, ukudla & isiphuzo, ikhemisi, isibhedlela, i-biobank, irabha, ubunjiniyela bamakhemikhali obusha bokukhiqiza, insimbi nensimbi, kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi njll.

I-HL Cryogenic Equipment Company isiphenduke umhlinzeki/umthengisi oqeqeshiwe we-Linde, Air Liquide, Air Products (AP), Praxair, Messer, BOC, Iwatani, kanye ne-Hangzhou Oxygen Plant Group (Hangyang) njll.