I-Helium yinto yamakhemikhali enophawu yena ne-athomu yenombolo 2 Ukuhlushwa kwe-Helium emkhathini kungu-5.24 x 10-4 ngamaphesenti wevolumu. Inamaphoyinti aphansi aphansi okubilisa futhi ancibilikayo anoma iyiphi into, futhi ikhona kuphela njengegesi, ngaphandle kwezimo ezibandayo kakhulu.

I-Helium ithuthwa ngokuyinhloko njenge-gaseous noma i-helium ewuketshezi futhi isetshenziswa kuma-reactium enuzi, ama-semiconductors, ama-superconductive, ama-semiconductios kanye ne-fiber optics, ucwaningo lwe-cryi kanye ne-r & d

Umthombo ophansi wokushisa obandayo

I-Helium isetshenziswa njenge-Crygenic CoolAnt yemithombo yokupholisa ye-Cryogenic, efana ne-Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI), i-supron partenance (nmr) i-spectroscopy, i-superrocting carnonance (NMR) i-spectoscopy, i-supron collider ye-surnon, i-pronrometer (squid), i-elektroni spin resonance (ESR) kanye nokugcina amandla ama-magnetic amandla we-magnetic (ama-SME), abakhiqizi be-mhd superconducting, inzwa enkulu, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, ama-superconducting depteriate, ama-superconductive deppering, ama-superconic superconducting magrets ama-fusion reactors kanye nabanye ocwaningweni lwe-cryogenic. I-Helium epholisa izinto ezinhle kakhulu ze-superconducting wezinto zokwakha kanye nama-magnets ukufika kwe-zero ngokuphelele, lapho ukumelana kwe-superconductor kungazelele ku-zero. Ukumelana okuphansi kakhulu kwe-superconductor kudala amandla kazibuthe anamandla ngokwengeziwe. Esimweni semishini ye-MRI esetshenziswa ezibhedlela, amasimu kazibuthe anamandla akhiqiza imininingwane eminingi ezithombeni ze-radiographic.

I-Helium isetshenziswa njenge-super coolant ngoba i-helium inamaphoyinti aphansi kakhulu futhi abilayo, ayiqinisi ekucindezelweni komkhathi kanye no-0 k, futhi i-helium i-cemert ye-cemert, okwenza kube cishe akunakwenzeka ukuphendula nezinye izinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-helium iba superfluid ngaphansi kwe-2.2 kelvin. Kuze kube manje, i-Ultra-Mobility eyingqayizivele ayizange ixhashazwe kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza lwezimboni. Emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwe-17 kelvin, akukho okuthathelwa indawo nge-helium njengesiqandisi esiqandisini emthonjeni we-crygenic.

Ama-Aeronautics kanye nama-Astronautics

I-Helium nayo isetshenziswa kumabhaluni nasezindleleni. Ngoba i-helium ilula kunomoya, izindiza namabhaluni zigcwele i-helium. I-Helium inenzuzo yokungabi nambulwa, yize i-hydrogen i-buoyant xaxa futhi inezinga eliphansi lokuphunyuka kusuka ku-membrane. Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwesibili kubuchwepheshe be-rocket, lapho i-helium isetshenziswa njengendlela yokulahleka phakathi kwamafutha kanye ne-oxidizer kumathangi okugcina kanye ne-condense hydrogen ne-oxygen ukwenza uphethiloli we-rocket. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukususa ugesi no-oxidizer kusuka kumathuluzi wokuxhaswa komhlaba ngaphambi kokuqalisa, futhi kungahle kuphole i-hydrogen e-spacecraft. Ku-saturn v rocket esetshenziswe ohlelweni lwe-Apollo, cishe amamitha ayi-370,000 amamitha ayi-cubic (izinyanga eziyi-13 zezinyawo eziyizigidi eziyizigidi) zikaHelium kwakudingeka ukwethula.

Ukutholwa kokuvuza okuvuza kwepayipi nokuhlaziywa kokutholwa

Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni kwe-helium kutholwa okuvuzayo. Ukutholwa okuvuzayo kusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuvuza ezinhlelweni eziqukethe uketshezi namagesi. Ngoba i-helium yehluka ngama-solid amahlandla amathathu ngokushesha okukhulu kunomoya, isetshenziswa njengegesi ye-tracer ukuthola ukuvuza emishini ephezulu ye-vacuum (njengamathangi ama-cryogenic) kanye nemithambo yengcindezi ephezulu. Into ibekwa egumbini, elibe selikhishwe futhi ligcwaliswe nge-helium. Ngisho nasemazingeni avuza aphansi njenge-10-9 mbar Inqubo yokulinganisa ivame ukusebenza ngokuzenzakalela futhi ibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-helium. Enye indlela, indlela elula ukugcwalisa into okukhulunywa ngayo nge-helium nokusesha ngesandla ukuvuza usebenzisa idivaysi ephathekayo.

I-Helium isetshenziselwa ukutholwa okuvuzayo ngoba iyi-molecule encane kunazo zonke futhi iyi-molecule ye-monatomic, ngakho-ke i-helium ivuza kalula. Igesi Helium igcwele entweni ngesikhathi sokutholwa okuvuza, futhi uma kwenzeka ukuvuza, i-helium mass spectrometer izokwazi ukuthola indawo yokuvuza. I-Helium ingasetshenziswa ukuthola ukuvuza emaphangeni, amathangi kaphethiloli, amathangi okushisa, imigqa yegesi, ama-elekthronikhi, amashubhu wethelevishini kanye nezinye izinto zokukhiqiza. Ukutholwa okuvuzayo usebenzisa i-helium kuqala kusetshenziswe ngesikhathi sephrojekthi yeManhattan ukuthola ukuvuza ezitshalweni zokucebisa i-Uranium. I-helium etholwayo yokutholwa ingathathelwa indawo nge-hydrogen, i-nitrogen, noma ingxube ye-hydrogen ne-nitrogen.

Ukufudumeza kanye nensimbi kuyasebenza

I-Helium Gas isetshenziswa njengegesi evikelayo e-Arc Welding kanye ne-Plasma Arc Welding ngenxa yamandla aphezulu aphezulu anamandla kunamanye ama-athomu. I-Helium gesi ezungeze iWelld ivimbela insimbi kusuka ku-oxidizing esimweni esincibilikisiwe. I-Ionization ephezulu engaba khona ye-Helium ivumela i-plasma arlc ukuthutha izinsimbi ezingafani ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa, okha umkhumbi, kanye ne-aeronium, i-magnesium, ne-magnesium, kanye ne-aluminium alloys. Yize i-helium ephepheni lokuvikela ingathathelwa indawo yi-argon noma i-hydrogen, ezinye izinto (ezinjenge-titanium helium) azikwazi ukushintshwa yi-plasma arlc welding. Ngoba i-helium ukuphela kwegesi ephephile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Enye yezindawo ezisebenzayo kakhulu zentuthuko iyinhlangano yensimbi engenasici. I-Helium ingugesi we-inert, okusho ukuthi akunakuphikiswa noma yikuphi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali lapho kuvezwa kwezinye izinto. Lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu kumagesi wokuvikela we-welding.

I-Helium futhi iqhuba ukushisa kahle. Lokhu yingakho kuvame ukusetshenziswa kuma-welds lapho kudingeka khona ukufakwa okuphezulu okuphezulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla e-weld. I-Helium iyasiza futhi ngokusheshisa.

I-Helium imvamisa ihlanganiswa ne-argen ngamanani ahlukahlukene kwingxube yegesi evikelayo ukuze asebenzise ngokugcwele izakhiwo ezinhle zawo womabili amagesi. I-Helium, ngokwesibonelo, isebenza njengegesi evikelayo ukusiza ukuhlinzeka ngezindlela ezibanzi nezijulile zokungena ngaphakathi kwe-welding. Kepha i-helium ayinikezi ukuhlanza okwenziwa yi-argon.

Ngenxa yalokhu, abakhiqizi bensimbi bavame ukubheka ukuxuba i-argon ne-helium njengengxenye yenqubo yabo yokusebenza. Okokuvikela i-arlding yensimbi ye-arc ye-arc, i-helium ingahle ibe ngu-25% kuya ku-75% wengxube yegesi enhlanganisweni ye-helium / Argon. Ngokushintsha ukwakheka kwengxubevange yegesi evikelayo, i-welder ingathonya ukuhanjiswa kokushisa kwe-weld, okuyinto nakho okuthinta ukwakheka kwesigaba sesiphambano sensimbi ye-weld kanye nejubane le-welding.

Umkhakha we-Electronic Ectrouctor

Njengegesi i-inert, i-helium iyenza kangangokuba ayikaze iphendule nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinto. Le mpahla yenza ukuthi isetshenziswe njengesihlangu ku-welding ye-arc (ukuvikela ukungcoliswa komoya-mpilo emoyeni). I-Helium futhi inezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi, ezifana ne-semiconductors ne-Optical fiber ekhiqizwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingathatha isikhundla se-nitrogen ekufuyweni okujulile ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwama-bubble we-nitrogen egazini, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjelwe ukugula.

I-Global Helium Sales Volume (2016-2027)

Imakethe ye-helium yomhlaba wonke ifinyelelwe ama-US $ 1825.37 wezigidi ngo-2020 kanti kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele kuma-US $ 2742.04 million ngo-2027, inesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka (i-CAGR) ka-5.65-2027). Umkhakha unokungaqiniseki okukhulu eminyakeni ezayo. Imininingwane yesimo sezulu saleli phepha kususelwa ekuthuthukisweni komlando kwale minyaka embalwa edlule, imibono yochwepheshe bezimboni nemibono yabahlaziyi kuleli phepha.

Umkhakha we-Helium ugxile kakhulu, atholwe kusuka kwimithombo yezemvelo, futhi unezinsizakusebenza zomhlaba wonke, ikakhulukazi e-United States, eRussia, Qatar nase-Algeria. Emhlabeni, umkhakha wabathengi ugxile e-United States, eChina naseYurophu nokunye. I-United States inomlando omude nesikhundla esingenakunyakaziswa embonini.

Izinkampani eziningi zinamafektri amaningi, kepha ngokuvamile azisondelene nezimakethe zazo zabathengi. Ngakho-ke, umkhiqizo unendleko ephezulu yokuhamba.

Kusukela eminyakeni emihlanu yokuqala, ukukhiqizwa kukhule kancane kakhulu. I-Helium ngumthombo wamandla ongavuselelwa, futhi izinqubomgomo zisendaweni ekhiqiza amazwe ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuqhubekayo. Abanye babikezela ukuthi i-helium izophela ngokuzayo.

Umkhakha unengxenye ephezulu yokungenisa ngaphakathi kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Cishe wonke amazwe asebenzisa i-helium, kepha ambalwa kuphela anezinqolobane ze-helium.

I-Helium inokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene futhi izotholakala emasimini amaningi nangokwengeziwe. Njengoba kunikezwe ukushoda kwezinsiza zemvelo, ukufunwa kwe-helium kungenzeka kwandiswe esikhathini esizayo, kudinga ezinye izindlela ezifanele. Amanani entengo e-Helium kulindeleke ukuthi aqhubeke ekhuphuka kusuka ku-2021 kuya ku-2026, kusuka ku- $ 13.53 / M3 (2020) kuya ku- $ 19.09 / M3 (2027).

Umkhakha uthintwa yizomnotho kanye nenqubomgomo. Njengoba umnotho wembulunga yonke uphulukisa, abantu abaningi bakhathazekile ngokwengeziwe ngokuthuthukisa amazinga ezemvelo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwezikhundla ezinkulu nokukhula komnotho okusheshayo, isidingo se-helium sizokwanda.

Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abakhulu bomhlaba wonke bafaka ama-rasgas, i-linde Group, amakhemikhali omoya, i-exxonmobil, i-airconmobil, i-ru) (ru), ingxenye yezentengiso yabakhiqizi abangu-6 abaphezulu izodlula ama-74%. Kulindeleke ukuthi umncintiswano embonini uzoba mkhulu kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.

Imishini ye-HL Cryogenic

Ngenxa yokushoda kwezinsizakusebenza eziwuketshezi kanye nentengo ekhuphukayo, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukulahleka kanye nokubuyiselwa kwe-helium ewuketshezi ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kanye nokuhamba.

Imishini ye-HL Cryogenic eyasungulwa ngo-1992 ingumbano ohambisana ne-HL Cr Cryogenic Equipment Company Company Co, Ltd. Imishini ye-HL Crygenic izimisele ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizweni kwesistimu ephezulu ye-CrCuum Ensuum Ensumed System kanye nemishini yokusekela ehlobene yokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zamakhasimende. I-Pipe ye-Vacuum Effenud ne-hose eguquguqukayo yakhiwa ngezinto ezikhethekile ezikhethekile nezingatha izicelo ezikhethekile ezikhethekile ezikhethekile, futhi idlula ngochungechunge lwezindlela zokwelapha eziqinile kakhulu zokwelapha kanye nokwelashwa okuphezulu kwe-vacuum, esetshenziselwa ukudlulisa umoya-mpilo owuketshezi, i-nitrogen ewuketshezi , i-argon ye-liquid, i-hydrogen ewuketshezi, i-helium ewuketshezi, i-ethefied ethylene gas umlenze kanye ne-liquefied yemvelo igesi ye-LNG.

Uchungechunge lomkhiqizo lwepayipi le-vacuum ye-vacuum, i-vacuum jacketed hose, i-valuum ye-pureted valve, kanye nesihlukanisi sesigaba semishini yezokwelapha eziqinile, isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa umoya-mpilo owuketshezi, i-nitrogen ewuketshezi, i-argon ewuketshezi, i-hydrogen ewuketshezi, i-helium ewuketshezi, umlenze kanye ne-LNG, futhi le mikhiqizo isetshenziselwa imishini ye-cryogenic (isib. Izindiza, i-superconductor, i-chip, umhlangano we-automation, ukudla & Isiphuzo, ikhemisi, isibhedlela, i-biobank, irabha, ukukhiqiza okubonakalayo okuthe xaxa kwamakhemikhali, i-iron nensimbi, nocwaningo lwesayensi njll.

Inkampani ye-HL Cryogenic Equipment iye yaba ngumhlinzeki ofanele / umthengisi weLinde, i-Air Liquide, Imikhiqizo Yomoya (AP), i-Praxair, Messer, i-BOC, ne-Hangzhou Oxygen Plant Group (Hangyang) njll.