I-nitrogen ye-Liquid: Igesi ye-nitrogen esesimweni esiwuketshezi. I-Inter, ayinambala, ayinaphunga, ayigqwali, ayishi, izinga lokushisa elikhala kakhulu. I-nitrogen yakha iningi lomkhathi (78.03% ngevolumu kanye nama-75.5% ngesisindo). I-nitrogen ayisebenzi futhi ayisekeli ukusha. Isithwathwa esibangelwa ukuthintana kwe-endothermic ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokuhwamuka.
I-nitrogen ewuketshezi ingumthombo obandayo ofanele. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele, i-nitrogen eyi-liquid iye yanakwa kancane kancane futhi yaqashelwa ngabantu. Sekusetshenziswe kabanzi ekufuyweni kwezilwane, embonini yezokwelapha, embonini yokudla, nasezinkundleni zocwaningo lwe-cryogenic. Kwezogesi, i-metallurgy, i-aerospace, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini nezinye izici zohlelo lokusebenza bekulokhu kwanda futhi kuthuthukiswa.
I-Cryogenic superconducting
Izici eziyingqayizivele ze-Superconductor, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi isetshenziswe kabanzi ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene. I-Superconductor itholakala ngokusebenzisa i-nitrogen eyi-liquid esikhundleni se-helium ewuketshezi njengesiqandisi esikhulu, esivula ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-superconducting ebangeni elibanzi futhi ithathwa njengenye yezinto ezisungulwe kakhulu zesayensi ekhulwini lama-20.
I-Superconducting magnetic levitation amakhono i-superconducting ceramic YBCO, lapho impahla ye-superconducting ipholiswa ibe yizinga lokushisa le-nitrogen eliwuketshezi (78K, ngokulingana kuya ku-196~C), ukusuka ezinguqukweni ezijwayelekile kuya kusimo se-superconducting. Indawo kazibuthe ekhiqizwa amandla amanje avikelekile iphusha indawo kazibuthe yethrekhi, futhi uma amandla amakhulu kunesisindo sesitimela, imoto ingamiswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingxenye yamagnetic field ibambeke ku-superconductor ngenxa yomphumela wokuphina kazibuthe ngesikhathi sokupholisa. Lo mkhakha uzibuthe ukhangwa amandla kazibuthe ethrekhi, futhi ngenxa yakho kokubili ukunyanyiswa nokukhanga, imoto ihlale ilenga iqinile ngaphezu komzila. Ngokuphambene nomphumela ovamile wokunengwa kwabantu bobulili obufanayo kanye nokukhangwa kwabobulili obuhlukile phakathi komazibuthe, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-superconductor nenkundla kazibuthe yangaphandle kokubili kuphushela ngaphandle futhi kudonse omunye komunye, ukuze kokubili i-superconductor kanye uzibuthe waphakade bakwazi ukumelana namandla abo adonsela phansi futhi bamise noma balenge babheke phansi ngaphansi komunye nomunye.
Ukukhiqiza nokuhlola izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi
Ukuhlolwa kokucindezelwa kwemvelo ukukhetha inani lezinto eziyimodeli yezemvelo, ukusebenzisa inani elifanele lokucindezelwa kwemvelo ezingxenyeni noma kuwo wonke umshini, futhi kubangele ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinqubo zezingxenye, okungukuthi, amaphutha enqubweni yokukhiqiza nokufakwa, nokunikeza ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa. Ukuhlola ingcindezi ye-ambient kuyasiza ukwamukela umjikelezo wezinga lokushisa nokudlidliza okungahleliwe. Ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wethempelesha ukwamukela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokushintsha izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi enkulu yokushisa, ukuze izingxenye zezinto ezihlukene, ngenxa yobubi obuhlangene, i-asymmetry yezinto ezibonakalayo, amaphutha enqubweni ebangelwa inkinga efihliwe nokwehluleka okushesha, ukwamukela izinga lokushisa elingu-5℃/min. Izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe lingu -40 ℃, +60 ℃. Inani lemijikelezo ngu-8.Inhlanganisela enjalo yemingcele yemvelo yenza ukushisela okubonakalayo, izingxenye zokugunda, izingxenye zokukhubazeka kwazo zivezwe ngokucacile. Ngokuhlolwa komjikelezo wokushisa okukhulu, singacabangela ukwamukelwa kwendlela yamabhokisi amabili. Kule ndawo, ukuhlolwa kufanele kubanjwe ezingeni.
I-nitrogen ewuketshezi iyindlela esheshayo newusizo kakhudlwana yokuvikela nokuhlola izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi namabhodi esekethe.
Amakhono okugaya ibhola e-Cryogenic
I-Cryogenic planetary ball mill iyigesi ye-nitrogen ewuketshezi eqhubekayo emshinini webhola leplanethi efakwe isembozo sokugcina ukushisa, umoya obandayo uzoba ukujikeleza kwesivinini esikhulu sokushisa okukhiqizwe ukumuncwa kwethangi lokugaya ibhola ngesikhathi sangempela, ukuze ithangi lokugaya ibhola eliqukethe izinto, ibhola lokugaya lihlale lisendaweni ethile yokukhala. Ekuxubeni kwemvelo ye-cryogenic, ukugaya okuhle, ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo omusha kanye nokukhiqizwa kweqoqo elincane lezinto zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Umkhiqizo mncane ngosayizi, ugcwele empeleni, uhambisana nokuhambisana, uphansi ngomsindo, usetshenziswa kabanzi kwezokwelapha, imboni yamakhemikhali, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, imboni yokukhanya, izinto zokwakha, i-metallurgy, i-ceramics, amaminerali nezinye izingxenye.
Amakhono omshini ohlaza
Ukusika i-Cryogenic ukusetshenziswa koketshezi lwe-cryogenic olufana ne-nitrogen ewuketshezi, i-carbon dioxide ewuketshezi kanye nesifutho somoya esipholile ohlelweni lokusika lwendawo yokusika, okuholela endaweni yokusika yesimo sendawo ye-cryogenic noma ye-ultra-cryogenic, kusetshenziswa i-cryogenic brittleness ye-workpiece ngaphansi kwezimo ze-cryogenic, ukuthuthukisa ukusika kwe-workpiece, impilo yamathuluzi kanye nekhwalithi yendawo yokusebenza. Ngokomehluko wendawo yokupholisa, ukusika kwe-cryogenic kungahlukaniswa ngokusika komoya opholile kanye nokusika okupholisa kwe-nitrogen okuwuketshezi. Indlela yokusika umoya opholile we-Cryogenic iwukufafaza -20℃ ~ -30℃ (noma ngisho naphansi) ukugeleza komoya okune-cryogenic ukuya engxenyeni yokucubungula yethiphu yethuluzi, futhi kuxutshwe nesithambisi sokulandelela isitshalo (10~20m 1 ngehora), ukuze kudlale indima yokupholisa, ukususwa kwe-chip, ukuthambisa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusika kwendabuko, ukusika okupholisa i-cryogenic kungathuthukisa ukulandelwa kokucubungula, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yendawo yokusebenza, futhi cishe akukho ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Isikhungo sokucubungula sase-Japan Yasuda Industry Company samukela ukuhlelwa kwe-adiabatic air duct efakwe phakathi kwe-motor shaft kanye ne-cutter shaft, futhi iholela ngokuqondile ku-blade isebenzisa umoya opholile we-cryogenic we -30 ℃.Lolu hlelo luthuthukisa kakhulu izimo zokusika futhi luzuzisa ukuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe bokusika umoya obandayo. U-Kazuhiko Yokokawa wenze ucwaningo ngokupholisa umoya opholile ekuphenduleni nasekugayeni. Esivivinyweni sokugaya, uketshezi lokusika isisekelo samanzi, umoya oshisayo ojwayelekile (+10℃) nomoya opholile (-30℃) kusetshenziswe ukuqhathanisa amandla. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukuqina kwethuluzi kwathuthukiswa kakhulu lapho kusetshenziswa umoya opholile. Ekuhlolweni kokuphenduka, izinga lokugqoka kwethuluzi lomoya opholile (-20℃) liphansi kakhulu kunomoya ojwayelekile (+20℃).
Ukusikwa kokupholisa initrogen ewuketshezi kunezinhlelo ezimbili ezibalulekile. Enye iwukusebenzisa umfutho webhodlela ukufafaza i-nitrogen ewuketshezi ngqo endaweni yokusika njengoketshezi lokusika. Okunye ukupholisa ithuluzi ngokungaqondile noma ucezu lokusebenza ngokusebenzisa umjikelezo wokuhwamuka kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi ngaphansi kokushisa. Manje ukusika i-cryogenic kubalulekile ekucubungulweni kwe-titanium alloy, insimbi ephezulu ye-manganese, insimbi eqinile kanye nezinye izinto ezinzima ukucubungula. I-KPRijurkar yamukele ithuluzi le-carbide le-H13A futhi yasebenzisa ithuluzi lokupholisa lomjikelezo we-nitrogen owuketshezi ukwenza izivivinyo zokusika i-cryogenic ku-titanium alloy. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibonise ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokusika zendabuko, ukugqokwa kwamathuluzi kwaqedwa ngokusobala, izinga lokushisa lokusika lehliswa ngo-30%, futhi ikhwalithi yomshini womshini wokusebenza yathuthukiswa kakhulu. U-Wan Guangmin wasebenzisa indlela yokupholisa engaqondile ukuze enze izivivinyo zokusika i-cryogenic ngensimbi ephezulu ye-manganese, futhi imiphumela iyaphawulwa. Lapho kusetshenziswa indlela yokupholisa engaqondile yokucubungula insimbi ephezulu ye-manganese ku-cryogenic, amandla amathuluzi ayasuswa, ukuguga kwamathuluzi kuyancishiswa, izimpawu eziqinisa umsebenzi ziyathuthukiswa, kanye nezinga eliphezulu le-workpiece nalo liyathuthukiswa. Wang Lianpeng et al. yamukela indlela yokufafaza i-nitrogen ewuketshezi emshinini wokushisa ophansi wensimbi ecishiwe 45 kumathuluzi omshini we-CNC, futhi yaphawula ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa. Ukuqina kwethuluzi kanye nekhwalithi yendawo yokusebenza kungathuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa indlela yokufafaza i-nitrogen ewuketshezi emshinini wezinga lokushisa eliphansi lensimbi ecishiwe 45.
Esimweni sokupholisa i-nitrogen ewuketshezi, izinto ze-carbide zokuxhuma amandla okugoba, ukuqina kokuphuka kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, amandla, ubulukhuni bukhuphuka ngezinga lokushisa buphansi futhi ngenxa yalokho ukufakwa kwethuluzi lokusika i-carbide ku-liquid nitrogen ukupholisa cishe kungaxhuma ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokusika, njengakwigumbi lokushisa, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kunqunywa inani lesigaba sokubopha. Ngensimbi enesivinini esikhulu, ene-cryogenic, ubulukhuni buyanda futhi amandla omthelela aphansi, kodwa jikelele angaxhumanisa ukusebenza okungcono kokusika. Yena kwezinye izinto ekuthuthukisweni cryogenic ukusika machinability yayo wabamba isifundo, ukukhethwa ongaphakeme carbon steel AISll010, high carbon steel AISl070, eziveza steel AISIE52100, titanium ingxubevange Ti-6A 1-4V, cast aluminium ingxubevange A390 izinto ezinhlanu, ukuqaliswa ucwaningo kanye nokuhlola imiphumela emihle kakhulu ngenxa ye-brining brining: etholwe ngokusika i-cryogenic. Ngensimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu nensimbi enensimbi, ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa endaweni yokusika kanye nezinga lokuguga kwamathuluzi kungavinjelwa ukupholisa i-nitrogen ewuketshezi. Esikhathini sokusika i-aluminium alloy, ukusetshenziswa kokupholisa kwe-cryogenic kungathuthukisa ubulukhuni bethuluzi kanye nokumelana nethuluzi ku-silicon isigaba se-abrasive ukuguga ikhono, ekucubunguleni ingxubevange ye-titanium, ngesikhathi esifanayo ithuluzi lokupholisa le-cryogenic kanye ne-workpiece, izinga lokushisa eliphansi eliwusizo eliwusizo futhi liqede ukuhlangana kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwe-titanium nezinto zamathuluzi.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi
Isathelayithi ye-Jiuquan yathumela isiteshi sikaphethiloli esikhethekile esimaphakathi ukuze sikhiqize i-nitrogen ewuketshezi, i-propellant kaphethiloli we-rocket, ephushelwa ekamelweni elivuthayo ngomfutho omkhulu.
Ikhebula lamandla okushisa aphezulu e-superconducting. Isetshenziselwa ukumisa ipayipi eliwuketshezi ekulungisweni okuphuthumayo. Kusetshenziswa ekuzinziseni kwe-cryogenic kanye nokucisha i-cryogenic yezinto. Amakhono edivayisi yokupholisa initrogen ewuketshezi (ukunwetshwa okushisayo nezimpawu zokufinyela okubandayo kuhlelo lokusebenza lwemboni) nawo asetshenziswa kakhulu. Amakhono okutshala amafu e-nitrogen ewuketshezi. Amakhono okudonsa amanzi e-nitrogen e-real-time liquid drop jet, lucwaningo olujulile njalo. Yamukela ukucisha umlilo kwe-nitrogen engaphansi komhlaba, umlilo ubhujiswa ngokushesha, futhi uqede umonakalo wokuqhuma kwegesi. Kungani ukhetha i-nitrogen ewuketshezi: Ngenxa yokuthi ipholisa ngokushesha kunezinye izindlela, futhi ayisebenzi ngamakhemikhali nezinye izinto, icindezela kakhulu isikhala futhi inikeza umoya owomile, ihambisana nemvelo (inayitrojeni ewuketshezi ivuthulukiswa ngokuqondile emkhathini ngemva kokusetshenziswa, ngaphandle kokushiya noma yikuphi ukungcola), ilula futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa.
I-HL Cryogenic Equipment
I-HL Cryogenic Equipmenteyasungulwa ngo-1992 iwuhlobo oluxhumene naloI-HL Cryogenic Equipment Company Cryogenic Equipment Co., Ltd. I-HL Cryogenic Equipment izibophezele ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizeni i-High Vacuum Insulated Cryogenic Piping System kanye Nezisetshenziswa Zokusekela ezihlobene ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zamakhasimende. Ipayipi le-Vacuum Insulated kanye ne-Flexible Hose yakhiwe endaweni engenalutho ephezulu kanye ne-multi-layer multi-screen special insulated materials, futhi idlula ochungechungeni lwezokwelapha eziqinile kakhulu zobuchwepheshe kanye nokwelashwa kwe-vacuum ephezulu, esetshenziselwa ukudlulisa umoya-mpilo owuketshezi, i-nitrogen ewuketshezi, i-argon ewuketshezi, i-hydrogen ewuketshezi, i-helium ewuketshezi, i-ethylene e-Liquefied ethylene kanye negesi ye-lique ye-LEGNG.
Uchungechunge lomkhiqizo we-Phase Separator, i-Vacuum Hose, i-Vacuum Hose kanye neVacuum Valve ku-HL Cryogenic Equipment Company, eyadlula ochungechungeni lwezindlela zokwelapha eziqinile ngokwedlulele, zisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa umoya-mpilo owuketshezi, i-nitrogen enguketshezi, i-argon ewuketshezi, i-hydrogen ewuketshezi, i-helium ewuketshezi, i-LEG ne-LNG, futhi le mikhiqizo isetshenziselwa ukugcinwa kwe-cryogenic ne-cryogenic ithangi njll. izimboni zokuhlukaniswa komoya, amagesi, izindiza, i-electronics, i-superconductor, ama-chips, ikhemisi, i-biobank, ukudla nesiphuzo, umhlangano ozenzakalelayo, ubunjiniyela bamakhemikhali, insimbi nensimbi, irabha, ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezintsha kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi njll.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-24-2021
