I-nitrogen ewuketshezi: Igesi ye-nitrogen esesimweni soketshezi. Ayinawo umbala, ayinaphunga, ayiboli, ayishisi, izinga lokushisa elibangela ukucasuka okukhulu. I-nitrogen yakha ingxenye enkulu yomkhathi (78.03% ngobuningi kanye no-75.5% ngesisindo). I-nitrogen ayisebenzi futhi ayisekeli ukusha. I-frostbite ebangelwa ukuthintana ngokweqile kwe-endothermic ngesikhathi sokuhwamuka.
I-nitrogen ewuketshezi iwumthombo obandayo olula. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile, i-nitrogen ewuketshezi iye yanakwa kancane kancane futhi yaqashelwa abantu. Isetshenziswe kabanzi kakhulu ekufuyweni kwezilwane, embonini yezokwelapha, embonini yokudla, kanye nasemasimini ocwaningo lwe-cryogenic. Kwezobuchwepheshe, i-metallurgy, i-aerospace, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini kanye nezinye izici zohlelo lokusebenza ibilokhu ikhula futhi ithuthuka.
I-Cryogenic superconducting
Izici eziyingqayizivele ze-Superconductor, kangangokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi isetshenziswe kabanzi ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene. I-Superconductor itholakala ngokusebenzisa i-nitrogen ewuketshezi esikhundleni se-helium ewuketshezi njengesiqandisi se-superconducting, esivula ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-superconducting ebangeni elibanzi futhi sibhekwa njengenye yezinto ezinkulu zesayensi ezisunguliwe ngekhulu lama-20.
Amakhono okuqhuba i-superconducting magnetic levitation yi-YBCO ye-ceramic ye-superconducting, lapho izinto ze-superconducting zipholiswa zibe yizinga lokushisa le-nitrogen eliwuketshezi (78K, elilingana no--196 ~ C), kusukela ezinguqukweni ezijwayelekile kuya esimweni se-superconducting. Insimu yamagnetic ekhiqizwa ugesi ovikelwe ucindezela insimu yamagnetic yethrekhi, futhi uma amandla amakhulu kunesisindo sesitimela, imoto ingamiswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingxenye yensimu yamagnetic ibanjwe ku-superconductor ngenxa yomphumela wokucindezela i-magnetic flux ngesikhathi senqubo yokupholisa. Le nsimu yamagnetic yokubamba ikhangwa yinsimu yamagnetic yethrekhi, futhi ngenxa yokuxosha nokukhanga, imoto ihlala imiswe ngokuqinile ngaphezu kwethrekhi. Ngokungafani nomphumela ojwayelekile wokuxosha kwabantu bobulili obufanayo nokukhanga kwabantu bobulili obuhlukile phakathi kwama-magnet, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-superconductor nensimu yamagnetic yangaphandle kokubili kuyaphuma futhi kudonselene, ukuze bobabili i-superconductor kanye ne-magnet engunaphakade bakwazi ukumelana namandla abo adonsela phansi futhi bamise noma balengane phansi ngaphansi komunye nomunye.
Ukukhiqizwa nokuhlolwa kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi
Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwemvelo kuhloswe ukukhetha inani lezici zemvelo eziyimodeli, ukusebenzisa inani elifanele lokucindezeleka kwemvelo ezingxenyeni noma emshinini wonke, futhi kubangele amaphutha enqubo yezingxenye, okungukuthi, amaphutha enqubweni yokukhiqiza nokufaka, bese kulungiswa noma kushintshwe. Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwendawo kuyasiza ekwamukeleni umjikelezo wokushisa kanye nokudlidliza okungahleliwe. Ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wokushisa kuhloswe ukwamukela izinga lokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokushisa, ukuze izingxenye zezinto ezahlukene, ngenxa yobubi bejoyinti, ukungalingani kwezinto, amaphutha enqubweni ebangelwa inkinga efihliwe kanye nokwehluleka kwe-agile, kwamukele izinga lokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa elingu-5℃/min. Izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe lingu-40℃, +60℃. Inani lemijikelezo lingu-8. Inhlanganisela enjalo yamapharamitha emvelo yenza ukushisela okubonakalayo, izingxenye zokusikwa, izingxenye zamaphutha azo zivele zisobala kakhulu. Ekuhlolweni komjikelezo wokushisa kwesisindo, singacabangela ukwamukelwa kwendlela yamabhokisi amabili. Kulesi simo, ukuhlolwa kufanele kubanjwe ezingeni.
I-nitrogen ewuketshezi iyindlela esheshayo newusizo kakhulu yokuvikela nokuhlola izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi namabhodi wesekethe.
Amakhono okugaya amabhola e-cryogenic
I-Cryogenic planetary ball mill iyigesi ye-nitrogen ewuketshezi efakwa njalo e-planetary ball mill ehlome ngesembozo sokulondoloza ukushisa, umoya obandayo uzoba ukujikeleza okusheshayo kokushisa okukhiqizwa yithangi lokugaya ibhola ngesikhathi sangempela, ukuze ithangi lokugaya ibhola eliqukethe izinto, ibhola lokugaya lihlale lisendaweni ethile ye-cryogenic. Endaweni ye-cryogenic ukuxuba, ukugaya kahle, ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo omusha kanye nokukhiqizwa okuncane kwezinto zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Umkhiqizo mncane ngobukhulu, usebenza ngokugcwele, uhambisana kakhulu, unomsindo ophansi, usetshenziswa kabanzi kwezokwelapha, embonini yamakhemikhali, ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, embonini yokukhanya, ezintweni zokwakha, ekusetshenzisweni kwensimbi, ezintweni zobumba, amaminerali nakwezinye izingxenye.
Amakhono okusebenza ngomshini oluhlaza
Ukusika kwe-cryogenic ukusetshenziswa koketshezi lwe-cryogenic njenge-nitrogen ewuketshezi, i-carbon dioxide ewuketshezi kanye ne-cool air spray ohlelweni lokusika lwendawo yokusika, okuholela endaweni yokusika yesimo se-cryogenic sendawo noma se-ultra-cryogenic, kusetshenziswa ubuthakathaka be-cryogenic be-workpiece ngaphansi kwezimo ze-cryogenic, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokusika kwe-workpiece, impilo yamathuluzi kanye nekhwalithi yendawo yokusebenza. Ngokusho komehluko we-cooling medium, ukusika kwe-cryogenic kungahlukaniswa kube ukusika komoya opholile kanye nokusika kokupholisa kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi. Indlela yokusika umoya opholile we-cryogenic iwukufafaza -20℃ ~ -30℃ (noma ngisho nangaphansi) ukuhamba komoya we-cryogenic engxenyeni yokucubungula yesihloko sethuluzi, futhi kuhlanganiswe ne-trace plant lubricant (10~20m 1 ngehora), ukuze kudlale indima yokupholisa, ukususa ama-chip, ukugcoba. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusika kwendabuko, ukusika kokupholisa kwe-cryogenic kungathuthukisa ukuhambisana kokucubungula, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yendawo yokusebenza, futhi cishe akukho ukungcola kwemvelo. Isikhungo sokucubungula se-Japan Yasuda Industry Company siyayamukela indlela yokwakheka kwe-adiabatic air duct efakwe phakathi kwe-motor shaft kanye ne-cutter shaft, futhi iholela ngqo ebaleni kusetshenziswa umoya opholile we-cryogenic ongu--30℃. Lolu hlelo luthuthukisa kakhulu izimo zokusika futhi luwusizo ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe bokusika umoya obandayo. UKazuhiko Yokokawa wenze ucwaningo ngokupholisa umoya opholile ekuphenduleni nasekugayeni. Ekuhlolweni kokugaya, uketshezi lokusika oluyisisekelo samanzi, umoya wokushisa ojwayelekile (+10℃) kanye nomoya opholile (-30℃) kwasetshenziswa ukuqhathanisa amandla. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi ukuqina kwamathuluzi kwathuthukiswa kakhulu lapho kusetshenziswa umoya opholile. Ekuhlolweni kokuguqula, izinga lokuguguleka kwamathuluzi emoyeni opholile (-20℃) liphansi kakhulu kunelomoya ojwayelekile (+20℃).
Ukusika ukupholisa i-nitrogen engamanzi kunezindlela ezimbili ezibalulekile. Enye ukusebenzisa umfutho webhodlela ukufutha i-nitrogen engamanzi ngqo endaweni yokusika njengoketshezi lokusika. Enye ukupholisa ithuluzi noma ingxenye yokusebenza ngokungaqondile ngokusebenzisa umjikelezo wokuhwamuka kwe-nitrogen engamanzi ngaphansi kokushisa. Manje ukusika kwe-cryogenic kubalulekile ekucubungulweni kwe-titanium alloy, insimbi ephezulu ye-manganese, insimbi eqinile nezinye izinto ezinzima ukuzicubungula. I-KPRaijurkar yamukele ithuluzi le-H13A carbide futhi yasebenzisa ithuluzi lokupholisa umjikelezo we-nitrogen engamanzi ukwenza izivivinyo zokusika ze-cryogenic ku-titanium alloy. Imiphumela yokuhlola ibonise ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokusika zendabuko, ukuguguleka kwamathuluzi kwasuswa ngokusobala, izinga lokushisa lokusika lancishiswa ngo-30%, futhi ikhwalithi yomshini wokusebenza ebusweni yathuthukiswa kakhulu. UWan Guangmin wamukele indlela yokupholisa engaqondile ukwenza izivivinyo zokusika ze-cryogenic ensimbini ephezulu ye-manganese, futhi imiphumela iyaphawulwa. Lapho kwamukelwa indlela yokupholisa engaqondile ukucubungula insimbi ephezulu ye-manganese ku-cryogenic, amandla amathuluzi ayasuswa, ukuguguleka kwamathuluzi kuyancishiswa, izimpawu zokuqina komsebenzi ziyathuthukiswa, futhi ikhwalithi yobuso bengxenye yokusebenza nayo iyathuthukiswa. UWang Lianpeng et al. basebenzise indlela yokufutha i-nitrogen ewuketshezi ekushiseni okuphansi kwensimbi ecinyiwe 45 kumathuluzi omshini we-CNC, futhi baphawula ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa. Ukuqina kwamathuluzi kanye nekhwalithi yobuso bomsebenzi kungathuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa indlela yokufutha i-nitrogen ewuketshezi ekushiseni okuphansi kwensimbi ecinyiwe 45.
Esimweni sokucubungula ukupholisa nge-nitrogen ewuketshezi, izinto ze-carbide zixhumanisa amandla okugoba, ukuqina kokuphuka kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, amandla, ubulukhuni buyanda ngokushisa okuphansi ngakho-ke izinto zokusika ze-carbide eziqinisiwe ekupholiseni kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi zingaxhumanisa ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokusika, njengasekushiseni kwegumbi, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kunqunywa yinani lesigaba sokubopha. Ngensimbi enejubane eliphezulu, nge-cryogenic, ubulukhuni buyanda futhi amandla omthelela aphansi, kodwa jikelele kungaxhumanisa ukusebenza okungcono kokusika. Kuye kwezinye izinto ekuthuthukisweni kwe-cryogenic komshini wayo wokusika, ukukhethwa kwensimbi enekhabhoni ephansi i-AISl010, insimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu i-AISl070, insimbi ethwala i-AISIE52100, i-titanium alloy Ti-6A 1-4V, i-aluminium alloy ephonswe i-aluminium A390 izinto ezinhlanu, ukuqaliswa kocwaningo nokuhlola: Ngenxa yobuthakathaka obuhle kakhulu ku-cryogenic, imiphumela yomshini oyifunayo ingatholakala ngokusika kwe-cryogenic. Ngensimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu kanye nensimbi ethwala imithwalo, ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa endaweni yokusika kanye nezinga lokuguguleka kwamathuluzi kungavinjelwa ukupholisa kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi. Ku-aluminiyamu eqoshiwe, ukusetshenziswa kokupholisa okucryogenic kungathuthukisa ubulukhuni bamathuluzi kanye nokumelana namathuluzi ekugugeni kwesigaba se-silicon, ekucutshungulweni kwe-titanium alloy, ngasikhathi sinye ithuluzi lokupholisa elicryogenic kanye nomsebenzi, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokusika eliwusizo futhi kuqede ukuhlangana kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwe-titanium nezinto zamathuluzi.
Ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa i-nitrogen ewuketshezi
I-satellite ye-Jiuquan ithumele isiteshi sikaphethiloli esikhethekile esiphakathi ukuze ikhiqize i-nitrogen ewuketshezi, i-propellant yamafutha e-rocket, ephonswa egumbini lokushisa ngomfutho ophezulu.
Ikhebula lamandla elisebenzisa ukushisa okuphezulu. Lisetshenziselwa ukuqandisa ipayipi eliwuketshezi ekulungisweni okuphuthumayo. Lisetshenziswa ekuzinziseni i-cryogenic kanye nokucima izinto ezi-cryogenic. Amakhono okupholisa i-nitrogen ewuketshezi (ukwanda kokushisa kanye nezimpawu zokufinyela okubandayo ekusetshenzisweni kwemboni) nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi. Amakhono okufaka imbewu yamafu e-nitrogen ewuketshezi. Amakhono okukhipha amanzi e-nitrogen ewuketshezi ejethini lokulahla uketshezi ngesikhathi sangempela, ucwaningo olujulile njalo. Yamukela ukucima umlilo ngaphansi komhlaba kwe-nitrogen, umlilo ubhujiswa ngokushesha, futhi uqede umonakalo wokuqhuma kwegesi. Kungani ukhetha i-nitrogen ewuketshezi: Ngoba iphola ngokushesha kunezinye izindlela, futhi ayisabelani ngamakhemikhali nezinye izinto, iphuca isikhala kakhulu futhi inikeze umoya owomile, inobungani nemvelo (i-nitrogen ewuketshezi iguqulwa ngqo emkhathini ngemva kokusetshenziswa, ngaphandle kokushiya noma yikuphi ukungcola), kulula futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa.
Imishini ye-HL Cryogenic
Imishini ye-HL Cryogeniceyasungulwa ngo-1992 iwuphawu oluhambisana ne-Inkampani Yemishini Ye-HL Cryogenic Equipment Cryogenic Equipment Co.,LtdI-HL Cryogenic Equipment izibophezele ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizweni kwe-High Vacuum Insulated Cryogenic Piping System kanye ne-Support Equipment ehlobene nayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene zamakhasimende. I-Vacuum Insulated Pipe kanye ne-Flexible Hose zakhiwe nge-vacuum ephezulu kanye nezinto ezifakwe i-multi-layer multi-screen ezikhethekile, futhi zidlula ochungechungeni lwezindlela zokwelapha zobuchwepheshe eziqinile kakhulu kanye nokwelashwa kwe-vacuum ephezulu, okusetshenziselwa ukudlulisa i-oxygen ewuketshezi, i-nitrogen ewuketshezi, i-argon ewuketshezi, i-hydrogen ewuketshezi, i-helium ewuketshezi, i-ethylene gas LEG kanye ne-LNG yegesi yemvelo ewuketshezi.
Uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo ye-Phase Separator, i-Vacuum Pipe, i-Vacuum Hose kanye ne-Vacuum Valve ku-HL Cryogenic Equipment Company, edlulile ochungechungeni lwezindlela zokwelapha zobuchwepheshe eziqinile kakhulu, zisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa i-oxygen ewuketshezi, i-nitrogen ewuketshezi, i-argon ewuketshezi, i-hydrogen ewuketshezi, i-helium ewuketshezi, i-LEG kanye ne-LNG, futhi le mikhiqizo isetshenziselwa imishini ye-cryogenic (isb. ithangi lokugcina i-cryogenic, i-dewar kanye ne-coldbox njll.) ezimbonini zokuhlukanisa umoya, amagesi, izindiza, ama-electronics, i-superconductor, ama-chips, ikhemisi, i-biobank, ukudla neziphuzo, ukuhlanganiswa kokuzenzakalela, ubunjiniyela bamakhemikhali, insimbi nensimbi, irabha, ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezintsha kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi njll.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-24-2021
